A monocrystalline silicon pressure transmitter is an instrument that measures pressure using the piezoresistive effect of monocrystalline silicon. The following is a detailed introduction:
Working Principle
The monocrystalline silicon pressure transmitter operates based on the piezoresistive effect of monocrystalline silicon. When monocrystalline silicon is subjected to pressure, its crystal lattice structure undergoes minute deformation, causing a change in the crystal's resistivity. This change is proportional to the applied pressure. By fabricating a Wheatstone bridge circuit on the monocrystalline silicon, the change in resistance is converted into a change in electrical signal. After amplification and processing, a standard electrical signal proportional to the pressure is finally output, such as a 4-20mA current signal or a 0-10V voltage signal.
Structural Components
· Pressure Sensing Element: Made of monocrystalline silicon, this is the core component of the pressure transmitter, responsible for sensing pressure and converting it into an electrical signal. High-precision pressure-sensitive diaphragms and Wheatstone bridges are typically fabricated on monocrystalline silicon wafers using advanced micromachining technology.
• Electronic Circuit Board: Used to amplify, filter, linearize, and temperature compensate the weak electrical signal output from the pressure-sensing element, ensuring accurate and stable signal output from the pressure transmitter. The electronic circuit board may also integrate a communication module to enable communication with external devices.
• Housing: Serves to protect internal components and is typically made of corrosion-resistant, high-strength materials to adapt to various working environments. The housing usually has mounting and electrical interfaces for easy installation and wiring of the transmitter.
Features
• High Precision: Monocrystalline silicon material possesses excellent physical properties and stability, enabling high-precision pressure measurement, typically achieving ±0.1% FS or even higher.
• High Reliability: Monocrystalline silicon pressure transmitters feature an integrated design with a simple internal structure and no moving parts, reducing measurement errors caused by mechanical wear and malfunctions. This results in high reliability and stability, allowing for long-term stable operation in harsh industrial environments.
• Excellent Temperature Characteristics: Through advanced temperature compensation technology, the transmitter effectively overcomes the impact of temperature changes on measurement accuracy, maintaining good measurement performance over a wide temperature range.
• Fast Response: Monocrystalline silicon material exhibits good dynamic response characteristics, enabling it to quickly and accurately track pressure changes, making it suitable for measuring rapidly changing pressure signals.
Applications
• Industrial Automation: Used in industrial production processes such as chemical, petroleum, metallurgy, and power generation to measure the pressure of various fluids (such as liquids and gases), providing accurate pressure data for process control, monitoring, and regulation, ensuring the safe and stable operation of production processes. For example, in chemical reaction vessels, single-crystal silicon pressure transmitters can monitor the pressure inside the vessel in real time, preventing overpressure accidents.
* Aerospace: Used for pressure measurement in critical components such as aircraft engines, hydraulic systems, and pneumatic systems. Transmitters are required to have high accuracy, high reliability, and fast response characteristics to meet the stringent performance requirements of the aerospace industry.
* Automotive Industry: Used to measure pressure in automotive engine management systems, braking systems, and fuel systems, such as measuring engine intake manifold pressure, brake line pressure, and fuel injection system pressure. This helps optimize engine performance, improve braking safety, and enhance fuel economy.
* Healthcare: In medical equipment such as blood pressure monitors, ventilators, and infusion pumps, single-crystal silicon pressure transmitters are used to accurately measure pressure parameters, providing accurate data support for medical diagnosis and treatment, and ensuring the safe and effective operation of medical equipment.